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Related Concept Videos

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a significant...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood glucose levels...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices
06:34

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Published on: November 29, 2024

Exenatide: a new promising antidiabetic agent.

C K Chakraborti1

  • 1Kanak Manjari Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chhend, Rourkela-769 015, India.

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|June 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Exenatide effectively manages blood glucose and weight in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This unique agent also protects islet beta-cells, potentially delaying disease progression and complications.

Keywords:
Exenatideexendin-4glucagon-like peptide-1glycosylated hemoglobintype 2 diabetes mellitus

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices
06:34

Validation of Therapeutic Agent Conjugation to Polyvinyl Alcohol-Coated Medical Devices

Published on: November 29, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses significant health challenges, often linked to obesity.
  • Effective glycemic control without severe adverse effects is crucial for T2DM management.
  • Preserving pancreatic islet beta-cell function is key to slowing T2DM progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate Exenatide's efficacy in controlling blood glucose levels in T2DM.
  • To assess Exenatide's impact on body weight in obese T2DM patients.
  • To explore Exenatide's potential role in preserving beta-cell function and delaying T2DM complications.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the therapeutic effects of Exenatide.
  • Clinical trials are evaluating a novel long-acting-release formulation for weekly administration.
  • Exenatide's use as an adjunct therapy with metformin, sulfonylureas, or insulin is considered.

Main Results:

  • Exenatide demonstrates effective blood glucose control in T2DM.
  • The agent contributes to weight reduction, beneficial for obese T2DM individuals.
  • Exenatide shows potential in delaying islet beta-cell destruction, mitigating T1DM conversion and disease complications.

Conclusions:

  • Exenatide is a valuable therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • Its weight-lowering and beta-cell protective effects offer significant advantages.
  • A new long-acting formulation is under investigation to enhance patient convenience and adherence.