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Life-history evolution in range-shifting populations.

Benjamin L Phillips1, Gregory P Brown, Richard Shine

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. whatbeard@gmail.com

Ecology
|June 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Range expansion drives rapid evolution of dispersal and reproduction traits. These nonequilibrium processes shape species

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Ecology
  • Population dynamics

Background:

  • Traditional evolutionary theory often overlooks spatial dynamics of populations.
  • Real-world scenarios like invasive species and climate change create spatial disequilibrium.
  • Spatial disequilibrium significantly impacts ecological and evolutionary processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary outcomes of populations in spatial disequilibrium, particularly during range expansion.
  • To understand how novel environmental pressures at the expanding front influence life-history traits.
  • To explore the role of nonequilibrium processes in shaping species' evolutionary trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of populations experiencing continuous range expansion.

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  • Examination of evolutionary pressures on frontal populations, including dispersal ability and conspecific density.
  • Assessment of life-history trait evolution in relation to environmental factors and genetic diversity.

    • Main Results:

    • Populations at the expanding front evolve traits favoring dispersal and reproduction due to novel pressures and lower density.
    • Reduced enemy interactions at the expanding front allow greater investment in dispersal and reproduction over defense.
    • Range expansion drives rapid life-history evolution, leaving a traceable signature across newly colonized areas.

    Conclusions:

    • Spatial disequilibrium, especially during range expansion, is a potent driver of rapid evolution.
    • Evolutionary patterns previously attributed to equilibrium processes may result from recent nonequilibrium events.
    • Understanding range expansion dynamics is crucial for interpreting species' current ecological and evolutionary patterns.