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Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
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High-velocity angular vestibulo-ocular reflex adaptation to position error signals.

Matthew Scherer1, Michael C Schubert

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland, USA.

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|July 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Some individuals can improve angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) gain with position error signal (ES) training during active head movements. This adaptation primarily involves aVOR gain, not compensatory saccades, suggesting position ESs are less effective than retinal slip for modifying aVOR gain.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vestibular System
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Vestibular rehabilitation utilizes gaze stabilization exercises to enhance angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) gain via retinal slip error signals (ES).
  • Exploring novel ESs is crucial for improving substitution strategies and aVOR adaptation in vestibular hypofunction.
  • Position ESs have shown potential in increasing aVOR gain and compensatory saccades (CSs) during passive rotation, suggesting utility in active head movements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of the imaginary target exercise in vestibular rehabilitation.
  • To compare aVOR gain adaptation using two types of position ES: constant versus incremental.
  • To determine if position ESs can promote aVOR adaptation or compensatory saccade recruitment during active head rotations.

Main Methods:

  • Ten healthy subjects underwent assessment of active head rotations before and after a 20-minute training session.
  • Subjects performed high-velocity active head impulses utilizing a position ES stimulus to enhance aVOR gain.
  • Training involved 9 epochs of 40 impulses each, with unpredictable and active head rotations analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Five subjects showed significant aVOR gain increases with a constant-position ES (mean 2%).
  • Five subjects demonstrated significant aVOR gain increases with an incremental-position ES (mean 3.7%).
  • No significant differences were observed in aVOR gain adaptation or CS recruitment between the two position ES paradigms.

Conclusions:

  • Some subjects can enhance aVOR gain through active head movement training with a position ES.
  • The primary adaptation mechanism appears to be aVOR gain modification, as CS use remained unchanged.
  • Retinal slip appears to be a more potent modulator of aVOR gain compared to position ESs.