Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular hydrogen bonding...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching01:24

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching

In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in the 3500–3100 cm−1 range. Even though both O−H and N−H bonds vibrate at a similar...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Anatomical feasibility and experimental evaluation of sensor coupling sites for fully implantable active middle ear implants.

Hearing research·2026
Same author

Assessing plant water status: Part 2 - Non-destructive and remote sensing approaches.

Journal of the science of food and agriculture·2026
Same author

Assessing plant water status: Part 1 - Classical methods.

Journal of the science of food and agriculture·2026
Same author

Combining Time-Stamped Insect Sampling With eDNA-Metabarcoding of Guano to Reconstruct Community Interactions.

Ecology and evolution·2026
Same author

A method to record drilling noise during skull surgery for the development of noise-reducing assistance systems.

Hearing research·2026
Same author

Relationship of sound transmission and ossicular chain mobility: investigations for the development of an intraoperative predictive surgical tool using a robotic approach.

Hearing research·2026
Same journal

Denoising algorithm of Φ-OTDR systems based on adaptive fractional wavelet transform denoising.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Millisecond photon-to-photon latency and high-speed volumetric projection system for optogenetics.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Polarization-encoded coaxial structured light for high-precision 3D surface profilometry.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Discrete freeform optical design based on collaborative optimization of point cloud and local normals.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Ultrafast ghost imaging with 25 GHz speckle switching and wavelength-division multiplexing.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Atomic vapor cells fabricated by femtosecond laser welding of standard-optical-quality glass.

Optics express·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Terahertz Imaging and Characterization Protocol for Freshly Excised Breast Cancer Tumors
08:56

Terahertz Imaging and Characterization Protocol for Freshly Excised Breast Cancer Tumors

Published on: April 5, 2020

Terahertz form birefringence.

Maik Scheller1, Christian Jördens, Martin Koch

  • 1Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany. maik.scheller@ihf.tu-bs.de

Optics Express
|July 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed one-dimensional photonic crystals for terahertz frequencies, demonstrating significant form birefringence. These crystals function as versatile quasioptical elements, with applications including terahertz wave plates.

More Related Videos

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
07:28

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

Published on: August 30, 2012

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
06:48

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Terahertz Imaging and Characterization Protocol for Freshly Excised Breast Cancer Tumors
08:56

Terahertz Imaging and Characterization Protocol for Freshly Excised Breast Cancer Tumors

Published on: April 5, 2020

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
07:28

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

Published on: August 30, 2012

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope
06:48

A Multimodal Wide-Field Fourier-Transform Raman Microscope

Published on: December 30, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Electromagnetism

Background:

  • Form birefringence is a key phenomenon in photonic crystals.
  • Terahertz (THz) frequencies require specialized optical elements.
  • Quasioptical elements are crucial for manipulating THz waves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and characterize one-dimensional photonic crystals exhibiting form birefringence at THz frequencies.
  • To explore the potential of these crystals as volumetric quasioptical elements.
  • To demonstrate a THz wave plate application.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical simulations of dielectric parameters for 1D photonic crystal structures.
  • Fabrication and measurement of a polymeric photonic crystal.
  • Characterization of birefringence at 300 GHz.

Main Results:

  • The designed photonic crystals exhibit pronounced form birefringence.
  • A polymeric crystal demonstrated a birefringence of 0.25 at 300 GHz.
  • The crystal was successfully employed as a THz wave plate.

Conclusions:

  • One-dimensional photonic crystals are effective for achieving form birefringence at THz frequencies.
  • These structures offer a broad frequency range for quasioptical applications.
  • The demonstrated THz wave plate highlights the practical utility of these photonic crystals.