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Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Ceramic Omnidirectional Bioprinting in Cell-Laden Suspensions for the Generation of Bone Analogs

Ceramic Omnidirectional Bioprinting in Cell-Laden Suspensions for the Generation of Bone Analogs

Published on: August 8, 2022

Bioactive ceramic-reinforced composites for bone augmentation.

¹School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. e.tanner@eng.gla.ac.uk

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface

|July 2, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Second-generation biomaterials like hydroxyapatite (HA)-reinforced polyethylene (PE) composites are bioactive. Testing optimized production and clinical use in the ear and eye, leading to new bioactive ceramic polymer composites.

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Ceramic Omnidirectional Bioprinting in Cell-Laden Suspensions for the Generation of Bone Analogs

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Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

Published on: November 16, 2018

Area of Science:

Biomaterials science
Polymer composites
Bioceramics

Background:

Biomaterials have evolved from ancient natural materials to modern man-made composites.
The 1970s marked a shift towards synthetic biomaterials, with a focus on bioactivity over bioinertness.
Hydroxyapatite (HA)-reinforced polyethylene (PE) represents a key development in 'second-generation' biomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the mechanical and biological properties of HA-reinforced PE composites.
To optimize the production methods for these advanced biomaterials.
To evaluate the clinical efficacy and potential of bioactive ceramic polymer composites.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive mechanical testing, including quasi-static, fatigue, creep, and fracture toughness analysis.
In vitro and in vivo biological assessments with varying HA filler content.
Clinical application studies in reconstructive surgery (orbital floor, middle ear).

Main Results:

Mechanical characterization enabled significant optimization of the composite's production process.
Demonstrated that sufficient bioactive filler content renders the composite bioactive.
Successful clinical implementation in the orbital floor and middle ear confirmed material viability.

Conclusions:

Hydroxyapatite-reinforced polyethylene is a successful bioactive composite biomaterial.
The development of HA-PE has paved the way for other bioactive ceramic polymer composites.
This research highlights the potential of bioactive materials in clinical applications.