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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dependence01:17

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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
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Hallucinogens are psychoactive substances that profoundly alter perceptual experiences, generating unreal visual and sensory images. Often referred to as psychedelic drugs — a term derived from the Greek words "psyche" (mind) and "delos" (revealing) — these substances include marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), among others. These drugs vary in intensity and effects.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
07:30

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Published on: August 18, 2020

Cannabis dimensionality: dependence, abuse and consumption.

Cheryl L Beseler1, Deborah S Hasin

  • 1New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Addictive Behaviors
|July 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cannabis dependence criteria align with a linear severity model, but adding abuse and consumption criteria deviates from linearity. This suggests a dimensional approach is more accurate for understanding cannabis use disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Substance use disorders are often diagnosed categorically, potentially losing information from dimensional aspects.
  • The dimensional nature of DSM-IV cannabis abuse and dependence criteria remains under-researched.
  • Previous studies focused on alcohol criteria, leaving a gap in understanding cannabis use disorder dimensionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if DSM-IV cannabis dependence and abuse criteria fit a linear severity measure.
  • To determine if cannabis consumption frequency adds linearly to the severity model.
  • To assess the dimensional structure of cannabis use disorder criteria.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 8172 participants from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions who have used cannabis.
  • Application of Wald statistics to compare categorical, dimensional, and hybrid models for criterion sets.
  • Validation using family history of drug problems, early cannabis use onset, and antisocial personality disorder.

Main Results:

  • Cannabis dependence criteria best fit a linear severity measure, with no evidence for categorical or hybrid models.
  • Significant deviations from linearity were observed when incorporating cannabis abuse criteria (p=0.03).
  • Including a consumption indicator also led to significant non-linearity for family history and antisocial personality disorder (p=0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Cannabis dependence demonstrates an underlying continuum of severity, supporting a dimensional model.
  • The addition of abuse criteria and consumption measures introduces non-linearity, complicating a purely linear model.
  • Findings suggest a nuanced, potentially dimensional, approach is necessary for understanding cannabis use disorders.