Alpha-gal Syndrome Symptom Profiles and Diagnostic Experiences Among Farmer and Ranchers

Area of Science:

• Allergy and Immunology
• Occupational Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is an emerging tick-borne illness causing allergic reactions to galactose-α-1,3-galactose.
• Agricultural workers face heightened risk of tick bites and subsequent AGS due to outdoor occupations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the knowledge, symptoms, and diagnostic journey of farmers and ranchers with AGS.
• To understand the unique challenges faced by agricultural workers with AGS.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional survey was administered to over 200 farmers and ranchers self-diagnosed with AGS.
• Data collected included prior knowledge, tick bite/AGS experiences, symptoms, and diagnostic pathways.

Main Results:

• 201 participants from 26 states reported diverse symptoms, including abdominal cramping, diarrhea, itchy skin, and nausea.
• An average of nearly 3 medical visits were required for diagnosis, often by general practitioners or allergists.
• Gender differences observed, with women reporting more gastrointestinal issues and men more mild symptoms.

Conclusions:

• This study is the first to focus on AGS symptomology and diagnosis in agricultural workers.
• Findings underscore the necessity for improved AGS patient and provider education, particularly in rural areas.
• Addressing occupational challenges is crucial for managing AGS in this population.