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Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a uterine...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis
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Menstrual manipulation: options for suppressing the cycle.

Caitlin W Hicks1, Ellen S Rome

  • 1Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
|July 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Women can adjust their menstrual cycle using hormonal contraceptives to reduce period frequency or prevent bleeding during specific times. This review covers the available methods, their advantages, and potential drawbacks.

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Reproductive Health
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Menstrual manipulation involves altering the timing or frequency of menstruation.
  • Hormonal contraceptives are commonly used for this purpose.
  • Women seek to avoid menstrual bleeding during specific events or for convenience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the different methods of menstrual manipulation.
  • To outline the benefits associated with menstrual cycle adjustment.
  • To discuss the disadvantages and risks of these practices.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on hormonal contraceptives and menstrual manipulation.
  • Analysis of clinical guidelines and research papers.
  • Synthesis of information on various contraceptive formulations and regimens.

Main Results:

  • Several hormonal contraceptive regimens can effectively suppress or postpone menstruation.
  • Benefits include improved quality of life and management of menstrual disorders.
  • Potential disadvantages include side effects, breakthrough bleeding, and user adherence challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Menstrual manipulation offers a viable option for women to control their cycles.
  • Informed decision-making requires understanding the available methods, benefits, and risks.
  • Further research may explore long-term effects and novel approaches.