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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Line Loss01:10

Line Loss

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The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss.
Line loss impacts power delivery efficiency in a balanced three-phase circuit. The symmetry in such a circuit simplifies the...
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Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
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Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

Energy Losses in Transformers

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In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be  the high resistance of the...
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Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

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When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to viscous...
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Minor Losses in Pipes01:25

Minor Losses in Pipes

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In pipe systems, minor losses refer to energy losses arising from components such as valves, bends, fittings, expansions, and other features that disrupt the steady flow of fluid. These disturbances cause energy dissipation through turbulence and resistance, which engineers quantify to manage system efficiency effectively.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Author Spotlight: Optimizing EAS with Long Electrodes for Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation
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Arachnoid cyst presenting with sudden hearing loss.

Hsuan-Ho Chen1, Chin-Kuo Chen

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.

Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA
|July 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Sudden deafness is a rare symptom of cerebellopontine angle arachnoid cysts. This case highlights an unusual presentation in a 67-year-old male, emphasizing the need for thorough diagnosis.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Arachnoid cysts are benign intracranial lesions that can occur in various locations, including the cerebellopontine angle (CPA).
  • While often presenting in childhood, CPA arachnoid cysts can manifest in adults with symptoms like dizziness, tinnitus, and hearing loss.
  • Sudden deafness as a primary symptom of a CPA arachnoid cyst is exceptionally uncommon.

Observation:

  • A 67-year-old male presented with sudden-onset deafness, an atypical symptom for cerebellopontine angle lesions.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a cystic lesion at the CPA.
  • Surgical pathology following a retromastoid suboccipital craniotomy confirmed the diagnosis of an arachnoid cyst.

Findings:

  • The case demonstrates a rare instance of sudden deafness caused by a cerebellopontine angle arachnoid cyst in an adult.

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  • Diagnostic imaging, specifically MRI, was crucial in identifying the cystic lesion.
  • Histopathological examination confirmed the nature of the CPA lesion.

    • Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of considering arachnoid cysts in the differential diagnosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss, even in older adults.
    • It highlights the diagnostic utility of neuroimaging in identifying the underlying cause of auditory deficits.
    • Further discussion on management strategies and potential etiologies of CPA arachnoid cysts is warranted.