Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

Taste Buds and Receptors

Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
The Physiology of Taste01:24

The Physiology of Taste

The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the diffusion of...
Conditioned Taste Aversion01:14

Conditioned Taste Aversion

Conditioned taste aversion, also known as sauce béarnaise syndrome, is a phenomenon in which an individual develops an aversion to a certain food taste following a negative experience, typically illness. This form of aversion is a type of classical conditioning in which the taste of the food (conditioned stimulus, CS) is associated with the experience of illness (unconditioned stimulus, UCS).
A notable characteristic of conditioned taste aversion is that it often requires only a single exposure...
Gustation01:43

Gustation

Gustation is a chemical sense that, along with olfaction (smell), contributes to our perception of taste. It starts with the activation of receptors by chemical compounds (tastants) dissolved in the saliva. The saliva and filiform papillae on the tongue distribute the tastants and increase their exposure to the taste receptors.
The Tongue and Taste Buds00:49

The Tongue and Taste Buds

The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells.
Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The future of endoscopic sinus surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Rhinology·2026
Same author

Magnetic resonance imaging in gustatory disorders: diagnostic usefulness with a cost analysis.

Rhinology·2025
Same author

Development and psychometric validation of the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Control Test.

Rhinology·2025
Same author

Inflammatory predictors of Post-COVID fatigue.

Brain, behavior, & immunity - health·2025
Same author

Intranasal trigeminal and secretory functions are impaired after topical anaesthesia or surgical treatment of epistaxis.

Rhinology·2025
Same author

Olfactory implants: international opinion paper on emerging technologies and clinical applications.

Rhinology·2025
Same journal

[The digits-in-noise test in audiological cochlear implant aftercare].

HNO·2026
Same journal

[Complications of acute otitis media].

HNO·2026
Same journal

HNO·2026
Same journal

[Facial fillers: evidence base, anatomical principles, materials, risks, techniques, and future perspectives].

HNO·2026
Same journal

Prevention in otology-the key to lifelong hearing health.

HNO·2026
Same journal

[Bilateral low-frequency hearing loss and tinnitus following spinal anesthesia during a cesarean section].

HNO·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test
07:10

Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test

Published on: August 17, 2018

[Taste disorders. An update].

B N Landis1, T Just

  • 1Interdisziplinäres Zentrum Riechen und Schmecken, Hals-, Nasen- und Ohren-Universitätsklinik, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden. bnlandis@yahoo.co.uk

HNO
|July 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Taste disorders, though less common than smell issues, significantly distress patients. Many cases are idiopathic dysgeusia, with limited treatment options despite advances in taste system research.

More Related Videos

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Assess Taste Detection Thresholds in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: The Taste Detection Threshold (TDT) Test
08:52

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Assess Taste Detection Thresholds in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: The Taste Detection Threshold (TDT) Test

Published on: April 21, 2021

Whole-Mount Staining, Visualization, and Analysis of Fungiform, Circumvallate, and Palate Taste Buds
07:40

Whole-Mount Staining, Visualization, and Analysis of Fungiform, Circumvallate, and Palate Taste Buds

Published on: February 11, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test
07:10

Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test

Published on: August 17, 2018

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Assess Taste Detection Thresholds in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: The Taste Detection Threshold (TDT) Test
08:52

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Assess Taste Detection Thresholds in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: The Taste Detection Threshold (TDT) Test

Published on: April 21, 2021

Whole-Mount Staining, Visualization, and Analysis of Fungiform, Circumvallate, and Palate Taste Buds
07:40

Whole-Mount Staining, Visualization, and Analysis of Fungiform, Circumvallate, and Palate Taste Buds

Published on: February 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Sensory Science

Context:

  • Taste disorders (dysgeusia) are clinically significant, causing patient distress.
  • Idiopathic dysgeusia represents a majority of cases, lacking clear etiology.
  • Medication side effects and surgical injuries are common causes of dysgeusia.

Purpose:

  • To review the clinical presentation and current understanding of taste disorders.
  • To highlight the challenges in diagnosing and treating dysgeusia.
  • To underscore the gap between molecular insights and clinical applications.

Summary:

  • Dysgeusia is less frequent but more distressing than olfactory disorders.
  • A significant portion of taste disorders remain idiopathic.
  • Despite advances in taste system physiology and molecular biology, clinical improvements and curative treatments are sparse.

Impact:

  • Emphasizes the need for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for taste dysfunction.
  • Highlights the significant patient burden associated with untreated or poorly managed dysgeusia.
  • Points to the limited translation of basic science research into clinical practice for taste disorders.