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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
12:21

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Frontal cortex functioning in the infant broader autism phenotype.

Karla Holmboe1, Mayada Elsabbagh, Agnes Volein

  • 1Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, London, United Kingdom. karla.holmboe@kcl.ac.uk

Infant Behavior & Development
|July 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show attention difficulties and less selective inhibition. However, these infants demonstrate selective inhibitory learning, suggesting early frontal cortex differences in the broader autism phenotype.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

Background:

  • Atypical attention is a potential marker for the broader autism phenotype.
  • Inhibitory control and attention are linked to frontal cortex function.
  • Early identification of ASD-related traits is crucial for intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate attention and inhibitory control in 9- to 10-month-old infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (Sibs-ASD).
  • To examine the selectivity of attention and inhibition in response to varying stimulus attractiveness.
  • To explore potential early indicators of frontal cortex atypicality in the broader autism phenotype.

Main Methods:

  • The study utilized the Freeze-Frame task with Sibs-ASD and low-risk control infants.
  • Infants were tasked with inhibiting visual attention to distractors while viewing a central animation.
  • Stimulus attractiveness was manipulated to assess the selectivity of attentional and inhibitory responses.

Main Results:

  • A subset of Sibs-ASD infants exhibited difficulty disengaging attention.
  • The Sibs-ASD group demonstrated reduced Selective Inhibition compared to controls.
  • Sibs-ASD infants successfully showed Selective Inhibitory Learning.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest preliminary evidence of atypical frontal cortex functioning in the infant broader autism phenotype.
  • Attention and inhibition differences may be observable in infants at high familial risk for ASD.
  • Selective inhibitory learning indicates some preserved or developing frontal functions.