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Related Concept Videos

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form the...
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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
General Structure of a Vertebra01:30

General Structure of a Vertebra

A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous column.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates
10:35

Precision Measurements and Parametric Models of Vertebral Endplates

Published on: September 17, 2019

Vertebral morphometry.

Daniele Diacinti1, Giuseppe Guglielmi

  • 1Department of Radiology, University Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome, Italy.

Radiologic Clinics of North America
|July 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual semiquantitative assessment by experts is the gold standard for detecting vertebral fractures. Quantitative methods like vertebral morphometry and vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) offer complementary data for osteoporosis research and clinical practice.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Osteoporosis Research
  • Quantitative Imaging

Background:

  • Visual semiquantitative (SQ) assessment by experienced observers is the gold standard for vertebral fracture detection.
  • Quantitative methods like vertebral morphometry (MRX, MXA) measure vertebral heights to identify osteoporotic fractures.
  • Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) uses low-dose DXA scans for fracture identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of different methods for detecting osteoporotic vertebral fractures.
  • To highlight the role of expert visual assessment versus quantitative morphometry.
  • To discuss the utility of VFA in clinical practice and research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established methods for vertebral fracture assessment.
  • Comparison of visual semiquantitative (SQ) assessment with vertebral morphometry (MRX, MXA).
  • Evaluation of vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) using dual-x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Main Results:

  • Expert visual SQ assessment is preferred for distinguishing true fractures from anomalies.
  • Vertebral morphometry provides valuable data on vertebral fracture risk and spinal deformity.
  • VFA, performed during routine densitometry, can identify most osteoporotic vertebral fractures, including asymptomatic cases.

Conclusions:

  • Radiographic SQ assessment remains the gold standard for vertebral fracture detection in clinical practice and research.
  • Quantitative morphometry and VFA offer valuable complementary information for osteoporosis management.
  • VFA facilitates the identification of vertebral fractures, aiding in early diagnosis and treatment.