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Related Concept Videos

Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles, paraspeckles, etc. These nuclear...
The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
The Nucleus01:25

The Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...
The Nucleus01:32

The Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...
Nucleoid01:24

Nucleoid

The nucleoid represents a structurally and functionally distinct region within prokaryotic cells, where the cell's DNA and associated proteins are housed. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus, and the nucleoid facilitates the organization and accessibility of the genetic material within this constraint. The DNA in most bacteria and archaea exists as a single, circular, double-stranded molecule that is highly compacted through supercoiling and interactions with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation
14:27

A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation

Published on: August 8, 2016

Orphan nuclear bodies.

Maria Carmo-Fonseca1, Maria T Berciano, Miguel Lafarga

  • 1Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal. carmo.fonseca@fm.ul.pt

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|July 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Orphan nuclear bodies, less-studied nuclear compartments, may function in protein modification and degradation. These processes, involving SUMO-conjugation and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways, enhance cellular survival under stress.

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Nuclear Isolation from Cryopreserved In Vitro Derived Blood Cells

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A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation
14:27

A Cell-Free Assay Using Xenopus laevis Embryo Extracts to Study Mechanisms of Nuclear Size Regulation

Published on: August 8, 2016

Nuclear Isolation from Cryopreserved In Vitro Derived Blood Cells
04:11

Nuclear Isolation from Cryopreserved In Vitro Derived Blood Cells

Published on: March 15, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Orphan nuclear bodies are poorly understood non-chromatin nuclear compartments.
  • Traditionally viewed as uniform entities defined by protein markers.
  • Emerging evidence links them to transcriptional regulators and protein modification pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the emerging concept of orphan nuclear bodies.
  • To investigate their potential roles in protein modification and degradation.
  • To understand how these functions contribute to cellular resilience.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nuclear body composition.
  • Investigating links to SUMO-conjugation pathways.
  • Studying ubiquitin-proteasome mediated degradation within nuclear bodies.

Main Results:

  • Orphan nuclear bodies are enriched with transcriptional regulators.
  • These bodies are associated with SUMO-conjugation and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways.
  • They may serve as specialized sites for protein modification and degradation.

Conclusions:

  • Orphan nuclear bodies are dynamic compartments involved in protein regulation.
  • Their role in SUMOylation and proteasomal degradation enhances cellular stress response.
  • Further research into these nuclear bodies is crucial for understanding cellular survival mechanisms.