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Related Concept Videos

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
Negative-Pressure Ventilators
Negative-pressure ventilators create a vacuum around the chest or body to draw air into the lungs, simulating breathing. This method does not require an...
Ventilatory Modes01:14

Ventilatory Modes

Mechanical ventilators are life-saving devices that support or replace spontaneous breathing. They deliver breaths to patients through varying methods known as ventilator modes. Understanding these modes is critical for healthcare providers managing patients with respiratory failure.
There are three ventilatory modes: full support, partial support, and spontaneous. These are described below.
Full Support Modes
Full support modes include controlled mechanical ventilation, continuous mandatory...
Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)
Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Delivery of In Vivo Acute Intermittent Hypoxia in Neonatal Rodents to Prime Subventricular Zone-derived Neural Progenitor Cell Cultures
05:45

Delivery of In Vivo Acute Intermittent Hypoxia in Neonatal Rodents to Prime Subventricular Zone-derived Neural Progenitor Cell Cultures

Published on: November 2, 2015

Flow-cycled versus time-cycled synchronized ventilation for neonates.

Sven M Schulzke1, Jane Pillow, Ben Ewald

  • 1Department of Neonatology, University of Basel Children's Hospital (UKBB), Spitalstrasse 21, Basel, Switzerland, 4031.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|July 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Limited evidence exists comparing flow-cycled and time-cycled synchronized ventilation in neonates. More research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of these ventilation methods for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

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Echocardiographic Characterization of Left Ventricular Structure, Function, and Coronary Flow in Neonate Mice
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Echocardiographic Characterization of Left Ventricular Structure, Function, and Coronary Flow in Neonate Mice

Published on: April 7, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Delivery of In Vivo Acute Intermittent Hypoxia in Neonatal Rodents to Prime Subventricular Zone-derived Neural Progenitor Cell Cultures
05:45

Delivery of In Vivo Acute Intermittent Hypoxia in Neonatal Rodents to Prime Subventricular Zone-derived Neural Progenitor Cell Cultures

Published on: November 2, 2015

Echocardiographic Characterization of Left Ventricular Structure, Function, and Coronary Flow in Neonate Mice
07:55

Echocardiographic Characterization of Left Ventricular Structure, Function, and Coronary Flow in Neonate Mice

Published on: April 7, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal respiratory support
  • Mechanical ventilation strategies

Background:

  • Synchronized ventilation is standard care for neonates.
  • Both flow-cycled and time-cycled modes are widely used.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare flow-cycled versus time-cycled synchronized ventilation.
  • To assess the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA).

Main Methods:

  • Searched Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL for randomized trials.
  • Included trials comparing flow-cycled with time-cycled synchronized endotracheal ventilation in neonates.
  • Data extraction and analysis followed Cochrane Neonatal Review Group methods.

Main Results:

  • Only two small, short-term crossover trials with 19 neonates were included.
  • Trials reported on lung mechanics and short-term respiratory physiology.
  • Clinical morbidities or mortality were not reported.

Conclusions:

  • Insufficient evidence to determine the safety and efficacy of either ventilation mode.
  • Large randomized clinical trials with parallel-group designs are needed.
  • Future trials should focus on clinically important outcomes.