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ESL Placement and Schools: Effects on Immigrant Achievement.
Rebecca Callahan1, Lindsey Wilkinson, Chandra Muller
1University of Georgia.
Summary
English as a Second Language (ESL) placement impacts immigrant student achievement differently based on school demographics. Higher ESL placement benefits students in diverse schools, but can hinder them in less diverse environments.
Area of Science:
- Education Policy
- Sociology of Education
- Immigrant Student Achievement
Background:
- English as a Second Language (ESL) placement is a critical process for immigrant students.
- School composition and student demographics significantly influence educational outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the effect of English as a Second Language (ESL) placement on immigrant student academic achievement.
- To investigate how school demographics moderate the impact of ESL placement.
Main Methods:
- Utilized propensity score matching for causal inference.
- Employed data from the Adolescent Health and Academic Achievement Study and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.
Main Results:
- ESL placement positively correlates with academic performance in schools with a high immigrant student population.
- The effect of ESL placement reverses in schools with a low immigrant student population.
Conclusions:
- ESL placement policies require context-specific approaches, considering school composition.
- Many immigrant students face persistent challenges in achieving higher education readiness, irrespective of placement or school type.
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