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Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants


Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating sympathetic or...
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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
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Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
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Published on: February 10, 2012

Staff Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Nicotine Dependence Differ by Setting.

Barbara Tajima1, Joseph Guydish, Kevin Delucchi

  • 1EdM, is a Senior Public Administrative Analyst at the Institute for Health Policy Studies at the University of California, San Francisco. Her areas of interest are addressing nicotine dependence in substance abuse treatment programs, treatment effectiveness, and the adoption of new treatments into practice. Ph.D., MPH, is Professor of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. His research is in the area of access, delivery, and organization of substance abuse treatment services, treatment effectiveness, and adoption of new treatments into practice settings. He is currently testing strategies designed to support drug abuse treatment programs in better addressing nicotine dependence. Ph.D., is Professor of Biostatistics in Psychiatry at the University of California, San Francisco. His primary field of research is the application of statistical methods to studies of drug and alcohol abuse. BA, is a Research Associate at the Institute for Health Policy Studies at the University of California, San Francisco. MS, is a Programmer Analyst at the Institute for Health Policy Studies at the University of California, San Francisco. Ph.D., is Director of Substance Abuse Treatment Services at VA Northern California Health Care System, as well as Clinical Manager for the VA Oakland Mental Health and Substance Abuse Clinic.

Journal of Drug Issues
|September 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) staff demonstrated superior smoking cessation knowledge and practices compared to hospital and community clinics. Implementing smoking policies and reducing staff smoking are crucial for community-based settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Smoking cessation support is vital in healthcare settings, particularly those serving vulnerable populations.
  • Variations in staff knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding smoking cessation exist across different clinic types.
  • Identifying barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation services is essential for improving patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare smoking-related knowledge, beliefs, self-efficacy, and cessation practices among healthcare staff in different clinic settings.
  • To identify barriers to providing smoking cessation services.
  • To inform strategies for enhancing smoking cessation support in diverse clinical environments.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 335 staff members across 11 clinics.
  • Clinics were categorized into three types: Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), hospital-based, and community-based.
  • Data collected on smoking-related knowledge, beliefs, self-efficacy, cessation practices, and barriers.

Main Results:

  • VAMC staff exhibited significantly higher smoking-related knowledge, beliefs, self-efficacy, and practices compared to hospital-based and community-based clinic staff.
  • Staff in VAMC and hospital-based settings shared characteristics like higher education and lower smoking rates.
  • Barriers to providing smoking cessation services were noted, particularly in community-based settings.

Conclusions:

  • Established procedures within VAMC settings likely contribute to their staff's enhanced performance in smoking cessation.
  • Community-based treatment settings require targeted interventions, including staff smoking reduction and policy implementation, to improve nicotine dependence treatment.
  • Systemic changes are needed to support healthcare professionals in addressing patient smoking cessation effectively.