Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.

Strategies of Self-Presentation III: Self-Monitoring

Strategies of Self-Presentation III: Self-Monitoring

Self-monitoring is a central construct in understanding individual differences in self-presentation strategies across social contexts. It refers to how individuals observe, regulate, and control their expressive behavior and self-presentation following situational cues. Self-monitoring reflects a person's sensitivity to social appropriateness and willingness to adapt behavior to fit varying interpersonal demands.High vs. Low Self-Monitoring IndividualsIndividuals high in self-monitoring are...

Parenting Styles

Parenting Styles

Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative Parenting
This...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The type and amount of care provided by older adult caregivers to a spouse with cancer: Results from a mixed methods study.

Journal of geriatric oncology·2026

Same author

Clinical practicum under strain: a mixed-methods study protocol for addressing its quality and sustainability in Spanish nursing education.

BMJ open·2026

Same author

Recovery Experiences of Older Adults and Their Caregivers After Major Elective Noncardiac Surgery.

JAMA network open·2026

Same author

Development and Testing of the Social Connection in Long-Term Care Home Residents (SONNET) Scale.

Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society·2026

Same author

Synthesising evidence on the association between the structure, function and quality components of social connection and quality of life for people with dementia: a scoping review protocol.

BMJ open·2026

Same author

Making it Work: A Qualitative Study of Nurse Practitioner-Physician Collaboration in Long-Term Care Homes.

Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Published on: January 17, 2025

Development and psychometric testing of the Supportive Supervisory Scale.

Katherine S McGilton¹

¹Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, 130 Dunn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. mcgilton.kathy@torontorehab.on.ca

Journal of Nursing Scholarship : an Official Publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing

|July 13, 2010

Summary

The Supportive Supervisory Scale (SSS) reliably measures supervisor support in long-term care. Key factors include respecting individuality and being dependable, crucial for healthcare aide job satisfaction.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Published on: January 17, 2025

Area of Science:

Healthcare Management
Organizational Psychology
Psychometrics

Background:

Supportive supervision is vital for healthcare aide (HCA) job satisfaction and retention in long-term care (LTC).
Effective supervisory practices can enhance patient care quality.
Existing tools may not adequately capture the nuances of supportive supervision in LTC.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and psychometrically test the Supportive Supervisory Scale (SSS).
To provide a reliable and valid instrument for assessing supervisory support in LTC settings.

Main Methods:

Scale items were developed based on Winnicott's relationship theory and focus groups with HCAs and supervisors.
Content validity was established by expert review.
Principal components analysis with oblique rotation was used on data from 222 HCAs in 10 LTC facilities.

Main Results:

A two-factor solution, Respects Uniqueness and Being Reliable, was identified, aligning with theoretical conceptualization.
The SSS demonstrated strong internal consistency (Factor I: .95, Factor II: .91) and discriminant validity.
Focus groups highlighted the importance of supervisor availability and recognizing HCAs as individuals.

Conclusions:

The SSS is a psychometrically sound measure for supervisory support in LTC.
Supportive supervision, characterized by respecting uniqueness and reliability, fosters positive supervisor-HCA relationships.
The SSS is essential for evaluating supervisory effectiveness and promoting supportive leadership in LTC environments.