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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
Insomnia01:27

Insomnia

Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
Multiple factors contribute...
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...

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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Sleep and ADHD.

Eric Konofal1, Michel Lecendreux, Samuele Cortese

  • 1Pediatric Sleep Disorders Center, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France. eric.konofal@rdb.aphp.fr

Sleep Medicine
|July 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details sleep disturbances in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), covering prevalence, causes, and treatments for conditions like restless legs syndrome and sleep-onset delay.

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  • Understanding the link between ADHD and sleep issues is crucial for effective clinical management.
  • Existing research presents a complex picture of sleep problems in ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated, critical overview of sleep disturbances in ADHD.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on the prevalence, etiopathophysiology, and treatment of ADHD-related sleep problems.
  • To identify future research directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of relevant studies on ADHD and sleep.
  • Critical analysis of research on sleep problems, including restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movements, and sleep-disordered breathing.
  • Examination of sleep alterations related to comorbid psychiatric disorders and ADHD medications.

Main Results:

  • ADHD is associated with a wide range of sleep issues, including delayed sleep onset and increased nocturnal movements.
  • Sleep problems in ADHD can stem from various factors, including genetic predispositions and medication side effects.
  • Comorbid psychiatric conditions can further complicate sleep patterns in individuals with ADHD.

Conclusions:

  • Effective clinical management of ADHD requires addressing associated sleep disturbances.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying sleep problems in ADHD and optimize treatment strategies.
  • Integrated approaches considering both ADHD symptoms and sleep health are recommended.