M Takao1, F Kimura, S Matsuzaki
1Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.
Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL) is a safe procedure for removing renal pelvic stones in horseshoe kidneys. Key considerations include pre-operative imaging, ureteral catheterization, optimal nephroscope insertion, and careful stone fragmentation techniques.
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