Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...

Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes

Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases that play a pivotal role in Phase I drug metabolism by catalyzing oxidation and reduction reactions.These enzymes transform lipophilic xenobiotics into more hydrophilic metabolites, facilitating subsequent Phase II conjugation and eventual excretion. The CYP450 family is classified into families (e.g., CYP1–CYP3) and subfamilies (e.g., CYP2A, CYP2C), based on amino acid sequence homology.CYP450 isoenzymes,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Rethinking the role of synergy calculations in the next century of drug combination discovery.

Med (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same author

Sex-biased intratumoral microbiome influences tumor molecular and immune landscape and disease outcomes.

Cell reports. Medicine·2026

Same author

Impact of cisplatin dose, renal function, and other factors on audiometrically-assessed ototoxicity in more than 1400 adult-onset cancer survivors from The Platinum Study: a multicentre cohort study.

EClinicalMedicine·2026

Same author

CREB5 regulates stem cell-like transcriptional programs to enhance tumor progression in prostate cancer.

Oncotarget·2026

Same author

The role of pharmacogenomics in managing cisplatin toxicity.

Pharmacogenomics·2026

Same author

Novel Mixed Cancer-Cell Models Designed to Capture Inter-Patient Tumor Heterogeneity for Accurate Evaluation of Drug Combinations.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same journal

Population-Based Assessment of Phenoconversion Potential in Switzerland: A Claims Data Study of Key Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters.

Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine·2026

Same journal

Massive Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Insufficient Future Liver Remnant Achieved Complete Response After Two-Stage Hepatectomy Combined with Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy and Lenvatinib-sintilimab: A Case Report.

Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine·2026

Same journal

Construction and Validation of Multi-Omics Predictive Models for Colorectal Cancer Using Machine-Learning Approaches.

Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine·2026

Same journal

Clinical Outcomes of Osimertinib Combined with Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study.

Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine·2026

Same journal

Post-Translational Modifications of Histones and Non-Histones in Liver Disease and Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment: A Narrative Review.

Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine·2026

Same journal

NAT2 Acetylation Phenotypes in India: A Narrative Review of Personalized TB Therapy.

Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Isolation of Specific Genomic Regions and Identification of Associated Molecules by enChIP

Isolation of Specific Genomic Regions and Identification of Associated Molecules by enChIP

Published on: January 20, 2016

Integrating Epigenomics into Pharmacogenomic Studies.

Wei Zhang¹, R Stephanie Huang, M Eileen Dolan

¹Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine

|September 28, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Personalized medicine uses genetic makeup for drug recommendations. Studying DNA methylation in HapMap samples offers new insights into gene expression and individual drug responses.

More Related Videos

An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues

An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues

Published on: April 5, 2018

Epigenetic Engineering of K562 Cells: Dual-Vector Episomal Strategy for Stable Targeted DNA Methylation using dCas9-DNMT3A and -HDAC1 Fusion Proteins

Epigenetic Engineering of K562 Cells: Dual-Vector Episomal Strategy for Stable Targeted DNA Methylation using dCas9-DNMT3A and -HDAC1 Fusion Proteins

Published on: October 31, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Isolation of Specific Genomic Regions and Identification of Associated Molecules by enChIP

Isolation of Specific Genomic Regions and Identification of Associated Molecules by enChIP

Published on: January 20, 2016

An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues

An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues

Published on: April 5, 2018

Epigenetic Engineering of K562 Cells: Dual-Vector Episomal Strategy for Stable Targeted DNA Methylation using dCas9-DNMT3A and -HDAC1 Fusion Proteins

Epigenetic Engineering of K562 Cells: Dual-Vector Episomal Strategy for Stable Targeted DNA Methylation using dCas9-DNMT3A and -HDAC1 Fusion Proteins

Published on: October 31, 2025

Area of Science:

Genomics
Pharmacogenomics
Epigenetics

Background:

Personalized medicine aims to tailor drug treatments to individual genetic profiles.
Pharmacogenomics employs candidate gene and whole-genome approaches to link genetic variants, like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), to drug responses.
Epigenetic systems, particularly DNA methylation, also influence gene expression and drug response, adding complexity to genetic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of DNA methylation variation in gene expression and drug response.
To explore how epigenomic data can enhance understanding of pharmacogenomics.
To leverage International HapMap Project lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) for epigenomic and genetic analyses.

Main Methods:

Analysis of genetic variants, including SNPs and copy number variants (CNVs).
Profiling DNA methylation variation within HapMap samples.
Utilizing LCLs to study genetic and epigenetic determinants of gene expression.

Main Results:

Common genetic variants (SNPs, CNVs) significantly contribute to natural variation in gene expression.
DNA methylation is a key regulator of gene expression.
Previous studies used LCLs to identify genetic determinants of expression and drug response.

Conclusions:

Profiling DNA methylation in HapMap samples will provide novel insights into gene expression regulation.
Epigenomics offers a new level of complexity for understanding individual drug response mechanisms.
Integrating epigenomic data with genetic information will significantly advance pharmacogenomics research.