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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids
08:02

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids

Published on: April 25, 2016

Testing extraction and storage parameters for a fecal hormone method.

David J Pappano1, Eila K Roberts, Jacinta C Beehner

  • 1Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA.

American Journal of Primatology
|July 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Field-friendly fecal hormone extraction using C18 cartridges is viable. Methanol extraction and specific washing protocols optimize preservation of glucocorticoid (GC) and testosterone (T) metabolites, with ambient storage up to four weeks being acceptable.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Primatology
  • Field Biology

Background:

  • Fecal hormone metabolite analysis is crucial for non-invasive wildlife research.
  • Existing extraction methods can be cumbersome for field applications.
  • Developing field-friendly protocols is essential for efficient sample collection and processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a field-friendly fecal hormone extraction method using methanol and C18 cartridges.
  • To optimize sample preservation and recovery of glucocorticoid (GC) and testosterone (T) metabolites.
  • To assess the impact of storage time, freeze-thaw cycles, extraction solutions, and cartridge washes.

Main Methods:

  • Fecal samples from geladas were used in laboratory experiments.
  • Simulated field conditions tested storage at ambient temperature and freeze-thaw cycles.
  • Assayed hormone metabolites (GCs and T) using radioimmunoassay.
  • Compared different methanol-based extraction solutions and cartridge wash solutions.

Main Results:

  • Ambient storage up to 4 weeks showed no significant effect on hormone levels.
  • Hormone levels decreased significantly after 2 freeze-thaw cycles (GCs) and 6 cycles (T).
  • Methanol solutions yielded higher extraction efficiency than 100% ethanol.
  • A 20% methanol wash improved GC recovery but not T recovery.

Conclusions:

  • The C18 cartridge method offers a viable field-friendly approach for fecal hormone analysis.
  • Optimal preservation involves minimizing freeze-thaw cycles and considering methanol-based extraction and washing solutions.
  • Methodological choices significantly impact the recovery of fecal glucocorticoid and testosterone metabolites.