Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning01:15

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pyramid-based Bayesian modeling for high-resolution behavioral analysis.

Journal of vision·2026
Same author

Insights into perceptual learning.

eLife·2026
Same author

Training in Gabor Orientation Identification Optimizes the Temporal Window of Adults With Anisometropic Amblyopia.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same author

Spatiotemporally Cascade-Releasing Polyester Nanoparticles for Synergistic Photodynamic/Chemo/Gene Therapy of Colorectal Cancer.

Advanced healthcare materials·2026
Same author

Quantification of planar cortical magnification with optimal transport and topological smoothing.

NeuroImage·2026
Same author

Uncertainty in population receptive field estimates revealed by variational qPRF.

Journal of neuroscience methods·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Specificity of perceptual learning increases with increased training.

Pamela E Jeter1, Barbara Anne Dosher, Shiau-Hua Liu

  • 1Memory, Attention and Perception Laboratory (MAP), Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. e.gambra@io.cfmac.csis.es

Vision Research
|July 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Perceptual learning specificity increases with extensive training. Brief training, however, enhances performance transfer to new visual stimuli and tasks, suggesting a dual learning process.

More Related Videos

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games
06:25

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games

Published on: January 14, 2020

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color
10:27

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color

Published on: February 20, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games
06:25

Stereoacuity Improvement using Random-Dot Video Games

Published on: January 14, 2020

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color
10:27

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color

Published on: February 20, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Perceptual learning involves practice-driven improvements in classifying stimuli.
  • Visual perceptual learning is typically specific to trained tasks and stimuli.
  • The impact of training duration on perceptual learning specificity remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the extent of training influences the specificity of visual perceptual learning.
  • To determine if brief training leads to different learning outcomes compared to extensive training.
  • To examine the transfer of learning to novel orientations and locations.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed an orientation discrimination task.
  • Training duration was varied to assess its effect on learning specificity.
  • Transfer of learning was evaluated at new locations and with opposite orientations.

Main Results:

  • Extensive training resulted in specific learning, with limited transfer.
  • Brief training demonstrated significant transfer to new locations and orientations.
  • Optimal performance after brief training occurred at the point of transfer.

Conclusions:

  • Specificity in visual perceptual learning emerges with prolonged practice.
  • Early stages of perceptual learning exhibit broad transfer, particularly with brief training.
  • Understanding training duration is crucial for both theoretical models and practical applications of perceptual expertise.