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Related Concept Videos

Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...
Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature01:19

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Short-Duration Hypothermia Induction in Rats using Models for Studies examining Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms
05:00

Short-Duration Hypothermia Induction in Rats using Models for Studies examining Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms

Published on: March 3, 2021

Hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

C Michael Cotten1, Seetha Shankaran

  • 1Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Box 2739 DUMC, Durham, NC 27710, USA, Tel.: +1 919 681 4844, , cotte010@mc.duke.edu.

Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology
|July 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Therapeutic hypothermia significantly reduces death and disability in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). However, over 40% of treated infants still experience poor outcomes, highlighting the need for further research.

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The Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Model of Perinatal Ischemia
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A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
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A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Short-Duration Hypothermia Induction in Rats using Models for Studies examining Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms
05:00

Short-Duration Hypothermia Induction in Rats using Models for Studies examining Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms

Published on: March 3, 2021

The Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Model of Perinatal Ischemia
08:47

The Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Model of Perinatal Ischemia

Published on: November 19, 2008

A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
10:30

A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Published on: May 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborns leads to high rates of death or lifelong disability.
  • Previously, no effective treatments directly addressed HIE secondary to hypoxic-ischemic injury.
  • Therapeutic hypothermia has emerged as a promising intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology of neonatal HIE.
  • To describe the rationale and evidence supporting hypothermia therapy for HIE.
  • To present findings from clinical trials and suggest future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of multicenter clinical trials on hypothermia for HIE.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on neonatal encephalopathy.
  • Discussion of findings from hypothermia trials to guide clinical care and research.

Main Results:

  • Hypothermia initiated within 6 hours of birth reduces mortality and impairment in infants with HIE.
  • Despite its efficacy, over 40% of infants treated with hypothermia still experienced adverse outcomes.
  • Clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of hypothermia as an evidence-based therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Hypothermia is a crucial, evidence-based therapy for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
  • Further research is essential to improve outcomes for the significant percentage of infants who do not fully benefit.
  • Continued investigation is needed to enhance care and outcomes for HIE.