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Protective effect of single-dose adjuvanted pandemic influenza vaccine in children

P G Van Buynder1, J K Dhaliwal, J L Van Buynder

  • 1New Brunswick Department of Health, Office of the Chief Medical Officer of Health (OCMOH), Fredericton, NB, Canada. pjvb@iinet.net.au

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
|July 16, 2010
PubMed

Insights

A single dose of GSK's adjuvanted vaccine (Arepanrix) provided 100% vaccine effectiveness (VE) against pandemic H1N1 influenza in children under 10 years. This single-dose regimen offers protection and may reduce reactogenicity.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Pandemic A/California/7/2009(H1N1) influenza caused high pediatric hospitalization rates.
  • Vaccination policies for children varied globally, including dose and vaccine type.
  • Canadian policy involved a single 0.25 ml dose of GSK's adjuvanted vaccine (Arepanrix) for children 36 months to <10 years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of a single dose of the GSK adjuvanted vaccine.
  • To assess VE in children under 10 years following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic.
  • To determine the protective impact of a 0.25 ml dose of Arepanrix.

Main Methods:

  • Community-based case-control study design.
  • Inclusion of children under 10 years with influenza-like illness tested for H1N1.
  • Laboratory-confirmed influenza as the primary outcome.
  • Vaccination status as the primary exposure variable.

Main Results:

  • No vaccinated children had laboratory-confirmed influenza compared to 38% of controls (14-day efficacy period).
  • Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was 100% for children <10 and <5 years.
  • VE remained statistically significant (>90%) across all age subgroups, including under 36 months, with a 10-day efficacy period.

Conclusions:

  • A single 0.25 ml dose of Arepanrix provides significant protection against pandemic influenza in children.
  • This single-dose strategy may mitigate potential reactogenicity from multiple doses.
  • Adjuvanted vaccines show promise for enhancing future seasonal influenza vaccines.
Abstract

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