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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Point-of-Care Method with Integrated Decision Support Tool to Estimate Anemia at Population Level
Published on: January 19, 2024
Future directions in management of anemia in heart failure
Anil K Agarwal1, Stuart D Katz
1Division of Nephrology, The Ohio State University, 395 West 12th Avenue, Ground Floor, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. anil.agarwal@osumc.edu
Abstract:
Anemia in patients with heart failure (HF) may be caused by several factors, including hemodilution, iron or erythropoietin deficiency, and chronic kidney disease. Published pilot studies of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and intravenous iron therapy in anemic heart failure patients demonstrate improvement in surrogate markers of functional capacity and quality of life, and reasonable safety profile during short-term use. However, the long-term safety of ESA in treatment of anemia in patients with HF remains a concern due to documented harmful side effects of ESA in anemic patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and cancer. Ongoing prospective clinical outcomes studies of ESA and intravenous iron therapies will provide important data that may pave the way for new avenues in the treatment of anemia in the future.
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