Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 10, 2026

The Social Dimension of Stress: Experimental Manipulations of Social Support and Social Identity in the Trier Social Stress Test
Published on: November 19, 2015
Job satisfaction and gender identity of women managers and non-managers
Agnieszka Lipińska-Grobelny1, Katarzyna Wasiak
1Department of Social Psychology, Labour and Occupational Consultation, Institute of Psychology, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland. agalg@poczta.onet.pl
Objectives:
This work investigates different cognitive aspects of job satisfaction (co-workers, supervisor, job content, working facilities, organization and management, opportunities for development, income), positive and negative affect at work and their relations to gender role orientation of women occupying managerial and non-managerial positions.
Materials And Methods:
The sample of 122 women (60 managers and 62 non-managers) completed a battery of instruments such as: the Bem Sex Role Inventory, the Job Description Inventory by Neuberger and Allerbeck and the Job Affect Scale by Brief et al.
Results:
Most women managers represented androgynous and masculine types, while women non-managers belonged to androgynous and feminine types. Moreover, women with various degrees of sex-typing showed positive and negative affect at work. The most satisfied with income were masculine women managers, the least--feminine women non-managers.
Conclusions:
These results may be applied in designing of motivational instruments to enhance job effectiveness and to eliminate unproductive behaviours such as absenteeism, high staff turnover.
Related Concept Videos
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Stereotype Content Model
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
Social Identity
Self-Discrepancy Theory
Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison