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Related Concept Videos

Biosynthesis of Lipids01:29

Biosynthesis of Lipids

Microbial membranes exhibit remarkable diversity in lipid composition, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to various environmental conditions. The three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—synthesize membrane lipids through distinct biosynthetic pathways, leading to fundamental structural differences that impact membrane stability, function, and adaptability.Fatty Acid-Based Lipids in Bacteria and EukaryaBacteria and eukaryotes share a common fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, which...
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Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and glycolipids, also play unique roles to support various  biological processes .
Fat-soluble Vitamins
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The ER synthesizes lipids for building cell membranes and performing cellular functions such as energy storage and signaling. The lipid synthesis machinery embedded in the ER membrane primarily collects all reactants from the cytosol. Following synthesis, the secretory pathway and the ER contact sites distribute these lipids to other cellular organelles. Additionally, the energy-rich triacylglycerides are transported from the ER via lipid droplets.
The major components of all eukaryotic cell...
Biosynthesis in Bacteria01:24

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Biosynthesis in bacteria is a fundamental anabolic process that generates essential macromolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. These macromolecules are critical for cellular growth, replication, and function. The process is tightly regulated and energetically linked to catabolic pathways to ensure optimal resource utilization.Biosynthetic pathways begin with precursor metabolites such as pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, and glucose-6-phosphate derived from glycolysis,...
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Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which provide...
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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Enzymatic Synthesis of Epoxidized Metabolites of Docosahexaenoic, Eicosapentaenoic, and Arachidonic Acids
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Transcellular biosynthesis of eicosanoids.

Angelo Sala1, Giancarlo Folco, Robert C Murphy

  • 1Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy. angelo.sala@unimi.it

Pharmacological Reports : PR
|July 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eicosanoids are produced through cell-cell interactions. This transcellular pathway involves transferring unstable intermediates like prostaglandin H2 and leukotriene A4 between cells for final synthesis.

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Published on: November 17, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Arachidonic acid metabolism yields biologically active lipid mediators.
  • Key pathways like cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase produce unstable intermediates (PGH2, LTA4).
  • Eicosanoid production often involves cell-cell interactions, not solely within one cell.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence for transcellular eicosanoid biosynthesis.
  • To highlight the role of intermediate transfer between cells.
  • To cover prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and lipoxins produced via this pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of studies using isolated cell preparations.
  • Examination of data from complex isolated organ systems.
  • Inclusion of in vivo evidence.

Main Results:

  • Transcellular biosynthesis is a significant route for eicosanoid production.
  • Specific intermediates like PGH2 and LTA4 are transferred between cells.
  • This pathway is observed across various experimental models.

Conclusions:

  • Transcellular eicosanoid biosynthesis is crucial for generating diverse lipid mediators.
  • Cell-cell communication via intermediate transfer is vital for eicosanoid synthesis.
  • This pathway contributes to the production of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and lipoxins.