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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Transuterine Fetal Tracheal Occlusion Model in Mice
Published on: February 5, 2021
[Brachycephaly in dog and cat: a "human induced" obstruction of the upper airways]
G U Oechtering1, C Schlüter, J P Lippert
1Klinik für Kleintiere, Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig, Leipzig. oechtering@kleintierklinik.uni-leipzig.de
Abstract:
Selective breeding for exaggerated features caused in many brachycephalic dog and cat breeds virtually a loss of the nose, with serious anatomical and functional consequences. In addition to respiratory and olfactory tasks, in dogs the nose is of vital importance for thermoregulation. As obligatory nose breathers, dogs suffer far more than humans when their nasal ventilation is restricted. An open discussion in the broad public has to motivate authorities and kennel clubs to recognize extreme brachycephalic breeding as seriously affecting animal health and welfare.
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