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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration
05:05

Four-Dimensional CT Analysis Using Sequential 3D-3D Registration

Published on: November 23, 2019

Patient-specific motion artifacts in 4DCT.

W Tyler Watkins1, Ruijiang Li, John Lewis

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.

Medical Physics
|July 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Motion artifacts in four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) can be predicted based on patient motion and scanner speed. Understanding these artifacts allows for patient-specific margin design to improve accuracy in radiation therapy planning.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiotherapy Physics

Background:

  • Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) improves thoracic and upper abdominal imaging during respiration.
  • Residual motion artifacts persist in cine-mode 4DCT, affecting image accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the source and magnitude of projection artifacts from intraphase target motion in cine-mode 4DCT.
  • Quantify the impact of motion artifacts on internal target volume (ITV) and gross tumor volume (GTV) dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • Derived a theoretical model for geometric uncertainty due to partial projection artifacts in cine-mode 4DCT.
  • Compared predicted artifacts with measured errors using a lung phantom on a motion platform with ideal and patient-specific breathing patterns.

Main Results:

  • Motion artifacts in cine-mode 4DCT range from millimeters to centimeters and are predictable.
  • Theoretical uncertainty accurately characterized ITV and GTV dimension errors for sinusoidal motion and in 96% of patient breathing pattern measurements.
  • Artifacts exceeding 1 cm can occur with significant motion (1.5 cm) and specific gantry rotation times (1 s).

Conclusions:

  • Intraphase residual motion artifacts are inherent in 4DCT, even with ideal motion.
  • Artifact magnitude depends on patient-specific tumor motion and CT gantry rotation speed.
  • Patient-specific margins should be designed using known motion parameters (amplitude, period) to compensate for these uncertainties.