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Related Concept Videos

Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
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Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...

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A Scanning Electron Microscopy-Compatible Optical Imaging Method for Mesoscopic All-Cell Brain Mapping
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A Scanning Electron Microscopy-Compatible Optical Imaging Method for Mesoscopic All-Cell Brain Mapping

Published on: February 20, 2026

Scanning electrochemical microscopy in neuroscience.

Albert Schulte1, Michaela Nebel, Wolfgang Schuhmann

  • 1Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. schulte@sut.ac.th

Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.)
|July 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) offers advanced topographical and functional imaging of single living cells, particularly in neuroscience. This review highlights SECM

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a powerful technique for high-resolution imaging.
  • Studying individual living cells requires advanced microscopy methods capable of preserving cellular integrity.
  • Neuronal and secretory cells present unique challenges for imaging due to their fragility and complex structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the recent applications of SECM in studying individual cultured living cells.
  • To emphasize the topographical and functional imaging of neuronal and secretory cells.
  • To discuss the principles and modes of SECM relevant to biological applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of SECM principles, including negative amperometric-feedback and generator/collector modes.
  • Discussion of constant-height versus constant-distance probe movement modes in SECM.
  • Analysis of SECM's utility in screening soft and fragile membranous biological samples.

Main Results:

  • SECM enables detailed topographical and functional imaging of single live cells.
  • The constant-distance mode offers benefits over the constant-height mode for fragile samples.
  • Successful application of SECM in neuroscience and endocrine research is demonstrated through examples.

Conclusions:

  • SECM is a valuable tool for the advanced study of single live cells, especially in neuroscience.
  • The methodology is effective for imaging delicate neuronal and secretory cells.
  • Ongoing advancements in SECM continue to enhance its capabilities for cell biology research.