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Related Concept Videos

Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
12:23

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

Published on: April 14, 2014

Functional visual loss.

Beau B Bruce1, Nancy J Newman

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-B Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. bbbruce@emory.edu

Neurologic Clinics
|July 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurologists often encounter functional visual loss in patients without eye disease. Diagnosis requires positive findings, not exclusion, and reassurance is often effective.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Neurologists evaluate patients with vision loss when ophthalmologists find no ocular disease.
  • A notable percentage of these patients present with nonorganic or functional visual loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic considerations for functional visual loss in neurological practice.
  • To emphasize the importance of positive diagnostic findings and caution against diagnosing by exclusion.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation and diagnostic approaches for functional visual loss.
  • Discussion of examination techniques for detecting functional visual loss.
  • Consideration of co-occurrence with organic visual disease.

Main Results:

  • Functional visual loss is common in patients referred to neurologists for visual complaints.
  • Positive examination findings demonstrating normal visual function are necessary for diagnosis.
  • Functional visual loss can coexist with organic visual disease, requiring careful evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Functional visual loss requires positive diagnostic evidence, not merely the exclusion of organic disease.
  • Clinicians must exercise caution due to the potential for coexisting organic conditions.
  • Most patients with functional visual loss respond positively to reassurance, though the link to psychological disease remains unclear.