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Related Experiment Videos

Examination of the early conceptus.

A E Szulman1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
|July 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Pathologists examine early pregnancy losses, using placental tissue to determine embryonic or fetal death. Microscopic placental changes help date fetal demise and identify potential issues in spontaneous or therapeutic abortions.

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Area of Science:

  • Pathology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The first-trimester conceptus is examined by pathologists following spontaneous or surgical abortion, or ectopic gestation.
  • In spontaneous abortions, the placenta is the primary indicator of embryonic/fetal death, often occurring weeks prior to expulsion.
  • Abnormal findings in elective or therapeutic abortions can correlate with sonographic or cytogenetic data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of placental examination in diagnosing early pregnancy failures.
  • To correlate cytogenetic abnormalities with embryonic growth disorganization and early fetal demise.
  • To provide guidelines for adequate specimen sampling for pathological and cytogenetic analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Gross and microscopic examination of the villous stroma, vessels, and embryonic erythrocytes within placental tissue.
  • Correlation of morphological features of the conceptus with clinical findings (sonography, cytogenetics).
  • Analysis of specimens from spontaneous, surgical, elective, and therapeutic abortions, including cases of habitual abortion.

Main Results:

  • Placental morphology, particularly changes in villous stroma, is crucial for establishing and dating embryonic/fetal death.
  • Cytogenetic abnormalities are highly associated with embryonic growth disorganization and early embryonic death.
  • Abnormal findings in elective abortions may indicate gestations prone to spontaneous loss.

Conclusions:

  • Pathological assessment of the placenta is essential for evaluating early pregnancy loss.
  • Cytogenetic analysis of properly collected specimens is vital, especially in cases of recurrent pregnancy loss.
  • Comprehensive sampling of placental tissue, membranes, and embryo/fetus ensures accurate diagnosis.

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