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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Tandem High-pressure Freezing and Quick Freeze Substitution of Plant Tissues for Transmission Electron Microscopy
Published on: October 13, 2014
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) freeze substitution of plant tissues
Introduction:
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) requires extensive preparation of plant tissues to achieve optimal results. Samples must be fixed to preserve ultrastructure, dehydrated to withstand the high vacuum of an electron microscope, and embedded in a suitable resin to permit very thin sections to be produced. This protocol describes freeze substitution of plant tissues. It provides better conservation of certain intracellular components, including microtubules and membranes, than do the standard sample preparation procedures for TEM.
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