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Related Concept Videos

Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Effects of Chemicals: Overview01:27

Effects of Chemicals: Overview

Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Eye Irritation Test (EIT) for Hazard Identification of Eye Irritating Chemicals using Reconstructed Human Cornea-like Epithelial (RhCE) Tissue Model
10:13

Eye Irritation Test (EIT) for Hazard Identification of Eye Irritating Chemicals using Reconstructed Human Cornea-like Epithelial (RhCE) Tissue Model

Published on: August 23, 2015

Skin irritation: Reference chemicals data bank.

D M Bagley1, J R Gardner, G Holland

  • 1Colgate Palmolive Co., 909 River Road, PO Box 1343, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1343, USA.

Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA
|July 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A curated list of 176 chemicals, ranked by skin irritation potential, was developed using existing in vivo rabbit data. This resource supports validation of alternative methods for skin irritation testing, avoiding new animal studies.

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An In Vitro Skin Irritation Test (SIT) using the EpiDerm Reconstructed Human Epidermal (RHE) Model
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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Dermatology
  • Chemical Safety

Background:

  • Existing in vivo rabbit skin irritation data provides a basis for chemical classification.
  • Regulatory acceptance of alternative testing methods requires robust validation data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile a list of 176 well-characterized chemicals for validating alternative skin irritation tests.
  • To rank chemicals based on their in vivo rabbit skin irritation potential using a primary irritation index.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized comprehensive in vivo rabbit skin irritation data generated since 1981 according to OECD Test Guideline 404.
  • Included chemicals of high purity and stability, tested undiluted or at concentrations unlikely to cause severe effects.
  • Data sourced from studies using at least three rabbits, with observations at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-application.

Main Results:

  • Developed a list of 176 diverse chemicals covering various classes and irritancy levels.
  • Ranked chemicals based on a primary irritation index derived from in vivo rabbit data.
  • No new in vivo testing was performed; all data was pre-existing.

Conclusions:

  • The compiled chemical list serves as a valuable resource for validating alternative methods to in vivo rabbit skin irritation testing.
  • This supports the progression towards regulatory acceptance of non-animal testing strategies for skin irritation.
  • The availability of standardized, well-characterized chemicals is crucial for reliable validation studies.