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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Oxidation–Reduction Reactions

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Monitoring the Reductive and Oxidative Half-Reactions of a Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase using Stopped-Flow Spectrophotometry
12:08

Monitoring the Reductive and Oxidative Half-Reactions of a Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase using Stopped-Flow Spectrophotometry

Published on: March 18, 2012

Enzyme sensing based on a controllable oxidation reaction.

Ruilong Sheng1, Jingjin Ma, Pengfei Wang

  • 1Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beiyitiao No. 2, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|July 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new metal complex enables sensitive detection of glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme activity. This method utilizes a ligand exchange and oxidation process, leading to enhanced fluorescence for accurate GR quantification.

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Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors
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Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors

Published on: February 7, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Monitoring the Reductive and Oxidative Half-Reactions of a Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase using Stopped-Flow Spectrophotometry
12:08

Monitoring the Reductive and Oxidative Half-Reactions of a Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase using Stopped-Flow Spectrophotometry

Published on: March 18, 2012

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors
09:33

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors

Published on: February 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Glutathione reductase (GR) is a crucial enzyme in cellular redox homeostasis.
  • Sensing and quantifying GR activity is vital for understanding oxidative stress and related diseases.
  • Existing methods for GR detection may lack sensitivity, selectivity, or simplicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, sensitive, and selective method for detecting glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme.
  • To utilize a metal-controlled spontaneous oxidation reaction for enzyme sensing.
  • To demonstrate the application of the developed method for GR quantification and protein identification.

Main Methods:

  • A new metal complex, HgL (HgCl2 and 3-benzothiazoliny-7-N,N-diethylaminocoumarin), was synthesized and characterized.
  • Ligand exchange triggered by glutathione (GSH) release from HgL in the presence of GR and NADH.
  • Spontaneous oxidation of the released ligand to coumarin-6, resulting in fluorescence enhancement and color change.
  • Spectrophotometric and fluorometric analysis to establish linear relationships between signal intensity and analyte concentration.

Main Results:

  • The HgL complex demonstrated a ligand exchange process in the presence of GSH, which is enzymatically reduced from GSSG by GR.
  • The released ligand was oxidized to coumarin-6, exhibiting enhanced fluorescence and a visible color change.
  • A linear correlation was observed between fluorescence intensity and GSH concentrations (10-40 μM).
  • The HgL complex successfully identified GR from other proteins/enzymes with high selectivity and sensitivity.
  • GR was quantified in the concentration range of 0.5 to 10 U/mL with a linear response.

Conclusions:

  • A novel HgL complex serves as an effective platform for sensitive and selective GR enzyme sensing.
  • The metal-controlled spontaneous oxidation reaction offers a robust mechanism for fluorescence-based biosensing.
  • This approach provides a valuable tool for GR detection and has potential for designing other enzyme-based biosensing systems.