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Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...

Pigmentation

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...

Skin Cancer

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...

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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

Erythroderma in children.

Rashmi Sarkar¹, Vijay Kumar Garg

¹Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, 110 002, India. rashmisarkar@yahoo.com

Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology

|July 27, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric erythroderma, a severe skin condition, is often caused by infections, genetic disorders, or inflammatory conditions. Early diagnosis and supportive care are crucial for managing this potentially life-threatening illness in children.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Dermatology
Clinical Medicine

Background:

Erythroderma is well-documented in adults but understudied in children.
Pediatric erythroderma presents significant diagnostic and management challenges due to its severity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the causes, diagnostic features, and management strategies for childhood erythroderma.
To highlight the differential diagnoses and etiological factors in pediatric erythroderma.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on pediatric erythroderma.
Analysis of etiological data from Indian studies on neonatal, infantile, and childhood erythroderma.

Main Results:

In neonates/infants, infections (40%), ichthyosiform erythroderma (25%), atopic dermatitis (15%), and seborrheic dermatitis (10%) were common causes.
In childhood erythroderma, drugs (29%), genodermatoses (18%), psoriasis (18%), and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (18%) were leading causes.

Conclusions:

Childhood erythroderma has diverse etiologies, requiring careful diagnostic evaluation.
Management is primarily supportive, focusing on correcting systemic imbalances.