Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane

Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Auditory-Visual Stroop Test to Assess Subjects with Tinnitus.

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

Hearing and Balance in Adult Patients with a History of Traumatic Brain Injury.

International archives of otorhinolaryngology·2026
Same author

Applications of the Stroop Paradigm in Tinnitus: a Scoping Review.

Brain and behavior·2025
Same author

Auditory Steady-State Responses for Detecting Mild Hearing Loss in Babies, Infants, and Children: Literature Review.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Behavioral and Electrophysiological Assessment of Central Auditory Processing in Individuals With Sickle Cell Disease.

Pediatric blood & cancer·2025
Same author

The Auditory Steady-State Response and the Relationship between Electrophysiological and Behavioural Thresholds.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma
02:37

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma

Published on: December 15, 2023

Eustachian tube function in adults with intact tympanic membrane.

Renata Rumy Makibara1, Jackeline Yumi Fukunaga, Daniela Gil

  • 1Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Brazil.

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
|July 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Eustachian tube dysfunction was found in 21.4% of adults with a history of middle ear or respiratory infections. Testing Eustachian tube function is crucial for individuals experiencing these conditions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma
02:37

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma

Published on: December 15, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Auditory Physiology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • The Eustachian tube equalizes middle ear pressure, protecting against pressure fluctuations.
  • Otitis media and respiratory tract inflammation can potentially impact Eustachian tube function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare Eustachian tube function in adults with and without a history of otitis media or respiratory inflammation.
  • To assess the prevalence of Eustachian tube dysfunction in specific patient groups.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated Eustachian tube function in 42 adults (18-55 years) with intact tympanic membranes and normal tympanometry.
  • Compared a study group with a history of otological disease to a matched control group.
  • Analyzed data to determine differences in Eustachian tube function between groups.

Main Results:

  • Eustachian tube dysfunction was present in 21.4% of the study group, versus 0% in the control group.
  • No statistically significant difference in dysfunction was noted between affected ears.
  • A higher percentage of men (90.9%) exhibited normal Eustachian tube function compared to women (65%).

Conclusions:

  • Middle ear infections, rhinitis, and sinusitis significantly influence Eustachian tube function.
  • Routine testing of Eustachian tube function is recommended for individuals with these conditions.
  • Further research is needed to establish normative standards and improve understanding of related symptoms.