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Prospects for immunisation against Marburg and Ebola viruses

Thomas W Geisbert1, Daniel G Bausch, Heinz Feldmann

  • 1Galveston National Laboratory1 and Department of Microbiology and Immunology2, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, USA. twgeisbe@utmb.edu

Reviews in Medical Virology
|July 27, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Developing effective vaccines against filoviruses like Marburg and Ebola is crucial. Promising single-injection vaccines, particularly a recombinant VSV (rVSV) candidate, show complete protection in nonhuman primates and potential for post-exposure use.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Filoviruses, including Marburg and Ebola viruses, cause severe hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Central Africa.
  • These viruses pose significant public health risks and are potential bioterrorism agents.
  • Current treatments are limited, highlighting the need for effective vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review progress in developing preventive vaccines against filoviruses.
  • To identify promising vaccine candidates for filoviral hemorrhagic fever.
  • To assess the potential for single-injection vaccines suitable for remote outbreak locations.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of candidate vaccines in nonhuman primate models of filoviral hemorrhagic fever.
  • Assessment of vaccine efficacy following single-dose administration.
  • Review of postexposure prophylaxis strategies and real-world applications.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in developing filovirus vaccines over the last decade.
  • Two vaccine candidates, one adenovirus serotype 5-based and one recombinant VSV (rVSV)-based, demonstrated complete protection in nonhuman primates after a single injection.
  • The rVSV-based vaccine also proved effective for postexposure prophylaxis and was used in a recent laboratory exposure incident.

Conclusions:

  • Single-injection vaccines are highly desirable for filovirus outbreaks due to remote locations.
  • The rVSV-based vaccine represents a promising candidate for both prevention and postexposure prophylaxis of filovirus infections.
  • Continued research and development of these vaccines are critical for global health security.

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