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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Imaging Odor-Evoked Activities in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb using Optical Reflectance and Autofluorescence Signals
08:30

Imaging Odor-Evoked Activities in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb using Optical Reflectance and Autofluorescence Signals

Published on: October 31, 2011

How global are olfactory bulb oscillations?

Leslie M Kay1, Philip Lazzara

  • 1Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. LKay@uchicago.edu

Journal of Neurophysiology
|July 28, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olfactory bulb (OB) oscillations are not spatially homogeneous, with larger surface electrodes favoring globally coherent events. Oscillation coherence depends on oscillation type and analysis duration, revealing localized inhomogeneities.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Imaging Odor-Evoked Activities in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb using Optical Reflectance and Autofluorescence Signals
08:30

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Published on: October 31, 2011

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Recording Temperature-induced Neuronal Activity through Monitoring Calcium Changes in the Olfactory Bulb of Xenopus laevis
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Published on: June 3, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory System Research

Background:

  • Previous studies suggested olfactory bulb (OB) oscillations are spatially homogeneous.
  • Large surface electrodes may have biased these findings by favoring coherent events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if OB oscillations are spatially homogeneous at all scales.
  • To investigate the influence of electrode size and location on OB oscillation coherence.

Main Methods:

  • Used concentric electrodes in urethane-anesthetized rats to record local field potentials at various depths in the dorsal OB.
  • Measured coherence in different frequency bands across electrode locations and sizes.
  • Analyzed data on different time scales (0.5 s and 10 s).

Main Results:

  • Coherence within locations was significant on a 0.5 s time scale.
  • On a 10 s time scale, only respiratory and beta oscillations showed prominent peaks.
  • Across locations, coherence was lower, especially for smaller electrodes and deeper sites.
  • Beta band oscillations exhibited the highest coherence across bulbar sites and electrodes.

Conclusions:

  • OB oscillations are not spatially homogeneous phenomena at all scales.
  • Larger electrodes at the OB surface favor globally coherent events.
  • Oscillation coherence is dependent on oscillation type (beta/gamma) and analysis duration.