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Chemical-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis Model Using Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene and 12-O-Tetradecanoyl Phorbol-13-Acetate (DMBA-TPA)

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Helminths in human carcinogenesis.

Bernard Fried¹, Aditya Reddy, David Mayer

¹Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 10842, USA. friedb@lafayette.edu

|July 30, 2010

Summary

This review focuses on carcinogenic trematodes, specifically Schistosoma haematobium, Opisthorchis viverrini, and Clonorchis sinensis. It details their roles in human cancers like bladder, bile duct, and liver cancer.

Area of Science:

Parasitology
Oncology
Epidemiology

Background:

Helminths are increasingly recognized as significant factors in human carcinogenesis.
Previous reviews have broadly covered carcinogenic helminths, but a focused update on specific trematodes is warranted.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and update the literature on trematodes definitively linked to human cancer.
To examine the epidemiology, pathology, and carcinogenic mechanisms of Schistosoma haematobium, Opisthorchis viverrini, and Clonorchis sinensis.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature review of studies on helminth-associated cancers.
Analysis of epidemiological data and pathological findings related to specific trematode infections.
Examination of proposed molecular and cellular mechanisms of carcinogenicity.

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Main Results:

Schistosoma haematobium is associated with urinary bladder carcinoma.
Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis are linked to cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocarcinoma.
The review synthesizes current knowledge on the pathogenesis of these cancers.

Conclusions:

Certain trematodes are confirmed human carcinogens, necessitating targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
Further research into the precise mechanisms of helminth-induced carcinogenesis is crucial for developing effective interventions.