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Related Concept Videos

Operons02:09

Operons

Prokaryotes can control gene expression through operons—DNA sequences consisting of regulatory elements and clustered, functionally related protein-coding genes. Operons use a single promoter sequence to initiate transcription of a gene cluster (i.e., a group of structural genes) into a single mRNA molecule. The terminator sequence ends transcription. An operator sequence, located between the promoter and structural genes, prohibits the operon’s transcriptional activity if bound by a repressor...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER01:27

Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER

A sizable fraction of proteins destined for ER are first synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the ER membrane–a process called post-translational translocation. Similar to cotranslationally translocated proteins, these proteins also use the Sec translocon complex to enter the ER lumen.
Targeting proteins to the ER
Hsp40 and Hsp70 chaperone molecules bind the translated proteins in the cytosol to prevent their folding. The chaperone binding helps to keep the signal...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Standardized Procedure for Monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms in Chile by Metabarcoding Analysis
09:47

A Standardized Procedure for Monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms in Chile by Metabarcoding Analysis

Published on: August 26, 2021

[Ross operation in Chile].

Eduardo Turner G1, Rodrigo Muñoz C, Miguel Cumsille G

  • 1Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional del Tórax, Santiago, Chile. eturnerxxx@gmail.com

Revista Medica De Chile
|July 30, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Ross Operation for aortic valve replacement shows excellent long-term results with low mortality and rare reoperations. This pulmonary autograft procedure offers a safe and effective solution for aortic valve disease.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Standardized Procedure for Monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms in Chile by Metabarcoding Analysis
09:47

A Standardized Procedure for Monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms in Chile by Metabarcoding Analysis

Published on: August 26, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Cardiac Valve Repair

Context:

  • The Ross Operation involves aortic valve replacement using a pulmonary autograft and right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with a homograft.
  • Despite its benefits, the Ross Operation is underutilized globally for aortic valve replacement.
  • This study reports on the outcomes of the Ross Operation performed in Chile.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the operative and long-term results of the Ross Operation in a Chilean patient cohort.
  • To assess the safety, efficacy, and durability of pulmonary autografts and homografts in aortic valve replacement.

Summary:

  • 131 patients underwent aortic root replacement with a pulmonary autograft and homograft reconstruction between 1996 and 2006.
  • Operative mortality was 2.3%, with low rates of reoperation (93% freedom from reoperation at 10 years) for both autograft and homograft.
  • Patients achieved excellent functional outcomes (NYHA Class I or II) with rare complications.

Impact:

  • The Ross Operation demonstrates favorable long-term outcomes, challenging its underutilization.
  • This study provides evidence supporting the Ross Operation as a viable and safe option for aortic valve replacement, particularly in younger patients.
  • Findings highlight the durability of pulmonary autografts and homografts, with low rates of reintervention.