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Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
Ethics in Research01:56

Ethics in Research

Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Building Up Skin Models for Numerous Applications - from Two-Dimensional (2D) Monoculture to Three-Dimensional (3D) Multiculture
08:32

Building Up Skin Models for Numerous Applications - from Two-Dimensional (2D) Monoculture to Three-Dimensional (3D) Multiculture

Published on: October 20, 2023

[Alternatives to animal testing].

Isabelle Fabre1

  • 1Unité de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des produits de Santé, Site Montpellier-Vendargues, 635 rue de la Garenne, 34740 Vendargues. isabelle.fabre@afssaps.sante.fr

Bulletin De L'Academie Nationale De Medecine
|July 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alternative methods like in silico and in vitro approaches are key to the 3Rs (refine, reduce, replace) concept in animal testing. Integrating these methods into tiered testing strategies minimizes animal use, reserving it as a last resort.

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Utilizing an Orally Dissolving Strip for Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies: A Simple and Humane Alternative to Oral Gavage for Animals
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Utilizing an Orally Dissolving Strip for Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies: A Simple and Humane Alternative to Oral Gavage for Animals
04:28

Utilizing an Orally Dissolving Strip for Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies: A Simple and Humane Alternative to Oral Gavage for Animals

Published on: March 23, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Biotechnology
  • Regulatory Science

Context:

  • The 3Rs concept (refine, reduce, replace), established in 1959, guides ethical animal testing practices.
  • Increasing demand for non-animal testing methods in scientific research and regulatory submissions.
  • Advancements in various alternative methodologies offer potential for replacing animal studies.

Purpose:

  • To review and highlight the diverse range of alternative methods to animal testing.
  • To emphasize the integration of these methods into comprehensive testing strategies.
  • To discuss the role of emerging technologies in reducing and replacing animal use.

Summary:

  • Alternative methods encompass in silico (computational), in vitro (cell-based, tissue-based), and 'omic' approaches.
  • These methods include physicochemical analyses, bacterial assays, isolated cell studies, reconstructed enzyme systems, and tissue models.
  • Stem cells, organotypic cultures, and bio-artificial organs represent promising advancements for toxicologic and pathophysiologic research.

Impact:

  • Facilitates the reduction and replacement of animal testing in scientific research.
  • Supports the development of more efficient and ethically sound toxicological assessments.
  • Promotes the adoption of integrated tiered testing strategies (ITS) for regulatory acceptance.