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Weightlessness

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When an object is dropped, it accelerates toward the center of the Earth. If the net external force on the object is its weight, it is said to be in free fall; that is, the only force acting on the object is gravity. Galileo was instrumental in showing that, in the absence of air resistance, all objects fall with the same acceleration g. However, when objects on the Earth fall downward, they are never truly in free fall, because there is always some upward resistance force from the air acting...

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Newton's second law is closely related to his first law of motion. It mathematically gives the cause-and-effect relationship between force and changes in motion. Newton's second law is quantitative and is used extensively to calculate what happens in situations involving a force. All external forces acting on a system add together to produce a net force Fnet. A larger net external force produces a larger acceleration. This acceleration is directly proportional to, and in the same direction as,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology

Published on: November 13, 2014

[Physiological changes in microgravity].

Daniel Riviere¹

¹Laboratoire de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paul Sabatier, 133 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex. riviere.d@chu-toulouse.fr

Bulletin De L'Academie Nationale De Medecine

|July 31, 2010

Summary

Microgravity causes fluid shifts and space motion sickness, affecting organ systems. While humans adapt, countermeasures are needed for Earth re-entry health.

Area of Science:

Physiology
Space Medicine

Context:

Microgravity environments significantly alter human physiology.
Understanding organ system responses is crucial for space exploration.

Purpose:

To summarize the physiological effects of microgravity on the human body.
To highlight adaptations and challenges during and after spaceflight.

Summary:

Microgravity induces a thoracocephalic fluid shift by suppressing hydrostatic gradients.
Sensory conflict causes space motion sickness, and the musculoskeletal system is impacted by reduced stimuli.
The respiratory system appears less affected, with overall health and performance maintained in-flight.
Adaptation to long-term microgravity is observed, but readaptation disorders can occur upon return to Earth.

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Culturing Lymphocytes in Simulated Microgravity Using a Rotary Cell Culture System

Culturing Lymphocytes in Simulated Microgravity Using a Rotary Cell Culture System

Published on: August 25, 2022

Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions

Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions

Published on: May 23, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology

Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology

Published on: November 13, 2014

Culturing Lymphocytes in Simulated Microgravity Using a Rotary Cell Culture System

Culturing Lymphocytes in Simulated Microgravity Using a Rotary Cell Culture System

Published on: August 25, 2022

Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions

Coherence between Brain Cortical Function and Neurocognitive Performance during Changed Gravity Conditions

Published on: May 23, 2011

Impact:

In-flight preventive measures are essential to mitigate negative health outcomes.
Research informs astronaut health protocols and future mission planning.
Provides insights into human adaptability and physiological resilience.