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Design to Implementation Study for Development and Patient Validation of Paper-Based Toehold Switch Diagnostics
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Programmable diagnostic devices made from paper and tape.

Andres W Martinez1, Scott T Phillips, Zhihong Nie

  • 1Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

Lab on a Chip
|July 31, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed programmable three-dimensional microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (3-D microPADs). These paper devices allow users to control fluid flow patterns postfabrication using simple button presses.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (microPADs) offer a low-cost platform for diagnostics.
  • Controlling fluid flow in microPADs is crucial for multiplexed assays and complex analyses.
  • Existing microPAD designs often lack postfabrication programmability for flow control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce novel three-dimensional microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (3-D microPADs).
  • To demonstrate a user-programmable method for controlling fluid flow patterns in paper-based devices after fabrication.
  • To present a simple, low-cost fabrication approach for these programmable devices.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of 3-D microPADs using paper and double-sided adhesive tape.
  • Development of a postfabrication programming mechanism using single-use 'on' buttons.
  • Demonstration of fluid flow control by actuating the 'on' buttons to connect microfluidic channels.

Main Results:

  • Successful creation of programmable 3-D microPADs that can be customized by users.
  • Demonstrated ability to precisely control fluid flow patterns through simple button presses.
  • The devices function by closing gaps between vertically aligned channels, enabling fluid wicking.

Conclusions:

  • Programmable 3-D microPADs significantly expand the capabilities of paper-based analytical devices.
  • This technology offers a simple and effective method for on-demand fluidic control in paper microfluidics.
  • The conceptual similarity to field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) highlights their potential for complex, reconfigurable microfluidic systems.