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Related Concept Videos

Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Pigmentation

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Isolation of Neonatal Extrahepatic Cholangiocytes
07:54

Isolation of Neonatal Extrahepatic Cholangiocytes

Published on: June 5, 2014

Understanding neonatal jaundice: a perspective on causation.

Ronald S Cohen1, Ronald J Wong, David K Stevenson

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

Pediatrics and Neonatology
|August 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal jaundice occurs when bilirubin production exceeds elimination, potentially causing brain damage. Understanding bilirubin production and elimination helps assess and manage infant jaundice risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Neonatal jaundice is a common condition resulting from an imbalance in bilirubin metabolism.
  • Severe hyperbilirubinemia can lead to kernicterus, causing permanent neurologic damage in infants.
  • Factors affecting bilirubin production and elimination significantly influence jaundice severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between bilirubin production, elimination, and neonatal jaundice risk.
  • To identify how genetic factors influencing bilirubin elimination impact jaundice management.
  • To propose a method for assessing jaundice risk by integrating bilirubin kinetics and genetic data.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing factors influencing bilirubin production (e.g., hemolysis).
  • Investigating genetic deficiencies and polymorphisms affecting bilirubin elimination.
  • Correlating bilirubin levels with production and elimination data.
  • Developing a risk assessment model for neonatal jaundice.

Main Results:

  • Increased bilirubin production is a primary driver of severe hyperbilirubinemia in most infants.
  • Impaired bilirubin elimination, due to genetic factors, exacerbates jaundice risk.
  • Integrating bilirubin production, elimination, and genetic data enables feasible jaundice risk assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Managing neonatal jaundice requires understanding the balance of bilirubin production and elimination.
  • Genetic insights into bilirubin elimination are crucial for managing infants at risk.
  • Assessing bilirubin production and elimination rates can guide clinical jaundice management.