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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Anterior Neck01:26

Muscles of the Anterior Neck

The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...

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Isolation and Characterization of Satellite Cells from Rat Head Branchiomeric Muscles
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The subplatysmal supramylohyoid fat.

Rod J Rohrich1, Joel E Pessa

  • 1Dallas, Texas From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|August 4, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Subplatysmal fat in the neck exists in three distinct compartments: central, medial, and lateral. Understanding this anatomy aids surgeons performing subplatysmal plane dissections for procedures like cervicoplasty.

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomical studies
  • Surgical anatomy
  • Plastic surgery

Background:

  • Neck liposuction is used in cervicoplasty.
  • Subplatysmal fat removal is suggested.
  • Anatomical observations indicate discrete subplatysmal fat regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the anatomy of subplatysmal fat.
  • To identify distinct subplatysmal fat compartments.
  • To provide surgical guidance for subplatysmal dissections.

Main Methods:

  • Five fresh cadaver dissections.
  • Sequential dissection of cervical layers (skin, supraplatysmal fat, platysma, subplatysmal fat).
  • Use of loupe magnification.

Main Results:

  • Subplatysmal fat is organized into three compartments: central, medial, and lateral.
  • Compartment location relative to platysma, digastric, and mylohyoid muscles is consistent.
  • Central fat differs in color and appearance from medial and lateral fat.

Conclusions:

  • Subplatysmal fat exists in identifiable regions.
  • Surgical identification is aided by anatomical landmarks and regional appearance.
  • Knowledge of this anatomy facilitates subplatysmal plane dissection.