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Hypoxia

Hypoxia

Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription factors...

Healing II: Complications

Healing II: Complications

Complications during healing arise when tissue repair is altered by local or systemic factors. These changes involve abnormal collagen deposition, altered biomechanics, and reduced vascular supply, impairing restoration of normal structure and function.Loss of FunctionScar tissue differs significantly from the original tissue it replaces. In the skin, fibrosis lacks adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Their absence reduces tactile sensitivity, impairs...

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:

Introduction to Fibroblasts

Introduction to Fibroblasts

Rudolph Virchow discovered spindle-shaped cells called fibroblasts in 1858. Inactive fibroblasts, called fibrocytes, become activated by various stimuli, such as growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. Activated fibroblasts play a crucial role in wound healing, inflammation, formation of new blood vessels, and cancer progression. Uncontrolled activation of fibroblasts results in fibrosis, the excess deposition of fibrous tissue, which can lead to scarring and affect normal organs. This...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice

Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice

Published on: July 11, 2025

Hypoxia impairs skin myofibroblast differentiation and function.

Ali Modarressi¹, Giorgio Pietramaggiori, Charles Godbout

¹Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

The Journal of Investigative Dermatology

|August 6, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Low oxygen (hypoxia) impairs wound healing by reducing myofibroblast function. Mechanical stress may be a viable strategy to improve healing in chronic wounds.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice

Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice

Published on: July 11, 2025

Area of Science:

Biomedical Science
Wound Healing Research
Cellular Biology

Background:

Ischemic wounds exhibit hypoxia, leading to impaired healing.
Myofibroblasts are crucial for wound repair, but their function is compromised in hypoxic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the direct impact of low oxygen levels on cultured skin myofibroblast differentiation and function.
To understand the mechanisms underlying impaired myofibroblast activity in hypoxia.

Main Methods:

Cultured human skin myofibroblasts were exposed to varying oxygen levels (21% vs. 2%).
Myofibroblast differentiation and function were assessed via alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and collagen gel contraction.
Cellular responses were analyzed on wrinkling silicone substrates over time.

Main Results:

Hypoxia (2% oxygen) significantly reduced myofibroblast differentiation and contraction, despite elevated transforming growth factor-beta1.
Reduced cell contraction preceded the disassembly of alpha-smooth muscle actin from stress fibers under hypoxic conditions.
These effects were reversible upon restoring normal oxygen levels or applying mechanical stress.

Conclusions:

Hypoxia impairs myofibroblast function, contributing to poor wound healing.
Mechanical stimulation presents a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance myofibroblast activity and improve healing in ischemic and chronic wounds.