Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment primarily uses...
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a significant...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Plasticizing Diabetes Care: The Metabolic Threat of Plastic-Associated Endocrine Disruptors and Micro-/Nanoplastics in Clinical Medicine.

Current diabetes reports·2026
Same author

Gestational exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide and glucose homeostasis in rats: effects on dams during pregnancy and post-term periods, and on their progeny.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)·2026
Same author

The hidden health effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals.

Nature reviews. Endocrinology·2025
Same author

Increased TGF-β/Activin-Smad2 signaling is associated with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Molecular metabolism·2025
Same author

Inhibition of glucagon secretion from pancreatic α-cells by the bile acid TUDCA involves a S1PR2-PI3K pathway.

The Journal of nutritional biochemistry·2025
Same author

Diabetes from plastics: Role of endocrine disruptors in β-cell physiology.

Annales d'endocrinologie·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals
07:39

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals

Published on: June 25, 2018

Bisphenol-A: a new diabetogenic factor?

Paloma Alonso-Magdalena1, Ana Belin Ropero, Sergi Soriano

  • 1CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, CIBERDEM, lnstitute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernandez of Elche, Elche, Spain. palonso@umh.es

Hormones (Athens, Greece)
|August 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Environmental chemicals, like endocrine disruptors, can disrupt blood glucose control and energy balance. Exposure to compounds such as bisphenol-A may increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

More Related Videos

Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells
07:22

Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells

Published on: March 28, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals
07:39

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals

Published on: June 25, 2018

Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells
07:22

Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells

Published on: March 28, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Environmental health
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic disorders

Background:

  • Environmental chemicals can act as endocrine disruptors, interfering with hormonal actions.
  • Compounds like PCBs, dioxins, phthalates, and bisphenol-A are linked to altered glucose homeostasis.
  • Rodent studies show low-dose bisphenol-A significantly impacts glucose metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of environmental chemicals on glycemic and energy balance control.
  • To identify specific endocrine-disrupting chemicals associated with metabolic disruption.
  • To explore the link between chemical exposure and type 2 diabetes risk.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on environmental chemicals and metabolic homeostasis.
  • Analysis of research on endocrine disruptors and their mechanisms of action.
  • Examination of human and rodent data on blood glucose regulation.

Main Results:

  • Certain environmental chemicals mimic or interfere with hormone function.
  • Polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, phthalates, and bisphenol-A are associated with impaired blood glucose control.
  • Bisphenol-A demonstrates significant effects on glucose metabolism even at low doses in animal models.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental chemical exposure poses a risk to glucose homeostasis.
  • Endocrine disruptors may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes.
  • Further research is needed to understand the full impact of these chemicals.