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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Ferric Chloride-induced Murine Thrombosis Models

Ferric Chloride-induced Murine Thrombosis Models

Published on: September 5, 2016

Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: updated diagnostic algorithms.

Doruk Erkan¹, Gerard Espinosa, Ricard Cervera

¹The Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.

Autoimmunity Reviews

|August 11, 2010

Summary

Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a severe condition. Updated diagnostic algorithms are proposed to address challenges in identifying this rare but critical thrombotic disorder.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Ferric Chloride-induced Murine Thrombosis Models

Ferric Chloride-induced Murine Thrombosis Models

Published on: September 5, 2016

Area of Science:

Rheumatology
Hematology
Pathology

Background:

Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) represents the most severe manifestation of APS.
It is characterized by acute, widespread organ damage and microvascular thrombosis.
Diagnosis and management present significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize diagnostic challenges in catastrophic APS.
To propose updated diagnostic algorithms for catastrophic APS.
To address issues like false-positive/negative antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) results and overlap with thrombotic microangiopathies.

Main Methods:

Review of diagnostic challenges discussed by the Catastrophic APS Task Force.
Development of updated diagnostic algorithms for catastrophic APS.
Inclusion of key criteria such as APS history, rapid onset of multi-organ thrombosis, biopsy confirmation, and exclusion of alternative diagnoses.

Main Results:

Identification of diagnostic hurdles including serological variability and overlapping clinical presentations.
Proposal of a structured diagnostic algorithm incorporating clinical, laboratory, and histopathological findings.
Emphasis on timely diagnosis to guide appropriate management strategies.

Conclusions:

Accurate diagnosis of catastrophic APS is critical and requires careful consideration of multiple factors.
The proposed algorithms aim to improve diagnostic accuracy and facilitate timely intervention.
Further research and consensus are needed to refine diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for catastrophic APS.