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Related Concept Videos

Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400 keV in...
Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Studying Dynamic Processes of Nano-sized Objects in Liquid using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
10:29

Studying Dynamic Processes of Nano-sized Objects in Liquid using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: February 5, 2017

Scanning ultrafast electron microscopy.

Ding-Shyue Yang1, Omar F Mohammed, Ahmed H Zewail

  • 1Physical Biology Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed scanning ultrafast electron microscopy for real-time 4D imaging. This technique achieves high spatiotemporal resolution without space-charge effects, enabling detailed studies of dynamic processes in materials and biological samples.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Four-dimensional ultrafast electron microscopy (4D UEM) allows space-time imaging of structural dynamics.
  • Conventional UEM typically operates in transmission mode with high-energy electrons (200 keV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a scanning ultrafast electron microscopy (SUEM) technique.
  • To achieve high spatiotemporal resolution imaging without space-charge effects.
  • To enable in situ 4D imaging with environmental capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a field-emission-source configuration for SUEM.
  • Employed single-electron mode pulsing to avoid space-charge effects.
  • Detected secondary electrons for surface imaging and backscattered electrons for diffraction patterns.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated SUEM imaging of material surfaces and biological specimens.
  • Obtained diffraction patterns from single crystals using backscattered electrons.
  • Achieved imaging in tens of seconds with high spatiotemporal resolution.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SUEM provides advanced spatiotemporal resolution for dynamic imaging.
  • Efficient heat dissipation and environmental capabilities position SUEM for in situ 4D studies.
  • This technique is poised to significantly advance the understanding of condensed phase dynamics.